{"id":2414,"date":"2022-12-28T11:11:42","date_gmt":"2022-12-28T11:11:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jic.bas.bg\/materiali\/kompozitni-materiali\/"},"modified":"2024-10-11T14:37:47","modified_gmt":"2024-10-11T14:37:47","slug":"kompozitni-materiali","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/jic.bas.bg\/en\/materials\/kompozitni-materiali\/","title":{"rendered":"Composite materials"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"2414\" class=\"elementor elementor-2414 elementor-108\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-049d5d5 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"049d5d5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[]}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d4f40a6\" data-id=\"d4f40a6\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-01bc3ba elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"01bc3ba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Composite materials<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5f69571 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5f69571\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>High-frequency composite nanostructures consisting of oriented magnetic nanochains and non-magnetic nanoparticles were obtained by simultaneous ablation of magnetic and non- magnetic material at atmospheric pressure in the presence of a magnetic field. Composites made of parallel nanochains (Fe3O4) and noble metal nanoparticles (Ag) exhibit plasmonic properties and sensitivity to light polarization.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-eeb9936 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"eeb9936\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[]}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-558f5bc\" data-id=\"558f5bc\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a99dbd1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"a99dbd1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"787\" height=\"591\" src=\"https:\/\/jic.bas.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/im.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-2147\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/jic.bas.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/im.jpg 787w, https:\/\/jic.bas.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/im-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/jic.bas.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/im-768x577.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 787px) 100vw, 787px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-029d525\" data-id=\"029d525\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b25f862 elementor-mobile-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"b25f862\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ie-bas.org\/SCouncil.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-chevron-right\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Institute of Electronics - BAS<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a69b4e8 elementor-button-info elementor-mobile-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"a69b4e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/jic.bas.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Press_postizhenie.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-chevron-right\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">More<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7f64ac elementor-view-stacked elementor-shape-square elementor-position-inline-start elementor-mobile-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"b7f64ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"mailto:dikovska@ie.bas.bg\" class=\"elementor-icon\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-label=\"Contact:\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-envelope\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"mailto:dikovska@ie.bas.bg\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tContact:\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-icon-box-description\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tdikovska@ie.bas.bg\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d052f3a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d052f3a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[]}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-35a6f7c\" data-id=\"35a6f7c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31fdcda elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"31fdcda\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b5738ca elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b5738ca\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[]}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-52a5326\" data-id=\"52a5326\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b98298b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b98298b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Composite materials <\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3955f9a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3955f9a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A multifunctional hybrid zinc coating has been developed for the combined protection of low carbon steel against corrosion and biocorrosion in an aggressive chlorine-containing environment.&nbsp; pH-sensitive nanocontainers (NCs) with the corrosion inhibitor Safranin entrapped in the polyacrylic acid (PAA) and polyethyleneimine (PEI) polymer coating of copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles as a biocide were used. They are embedded as an interlayer in a standard zinc coating on steel (sandwich type structure) by electrophoretic deposition in an aqueous medium to reduce the possibility of CuO dissolution. It has been established that the hybrid coatings improve the corrosion performance of the steel in a model corrosion environment (5% NaCl solution) over a period of 55 days and under external polarization conditions, compared to a single layer zinc coating.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-b590726 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b590726\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[]}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-be1e566\" data-id=\"be1e566\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-12709a3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"12709a3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"674\" height=\"235\" src=\"https:\/\/jic.bas.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Picture6.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-2193\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/jic.bas.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Picture6.jpg 674w, https:\/\/jic.bas.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Picture6-300x105.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 674px) 100vw, 674px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-c2955a8\" data-id=\"c2955a8\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1b1f3d9 elementor-mobile-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"1b1f3d9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"http:\/\/www.issp.bas.bg\/en\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-chevron-right\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Institute of Solid State Physics - BAS<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1e04fd8 elementor-view-stacked elementor-shape-square elementor-position-inline-start elementor-mobile-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"1e04fd8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"mailto:krad@issp.bas.bg\" class=\"elementor-icon\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-label=\"Contact:\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-envelope\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"mailto:krad@issp.bas.bg\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tContact:\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-icon-box-description\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tkrad@issp.bas.bg\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4ddf7b7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4ddf7b7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[]}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0b59f0d\" data-id=\"0b59f0d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-42639c0 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"42639c0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5954d6b elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5954d6b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[]}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dc25790\" data-id=\"dc25790\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-674c7dc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"674c7dc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Composite materials <\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48fe57e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"48fe57e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A team of scientists from IMC-BAS has developed new geopolymer paints with long-lasting antimicrobial activity using Ag- and Cu-modified natural zeolite &#8211; clinoptilolite. Two types of paints based on TiO2 (GP-TiO2) and ZnO (GP-Zn) were obtained, which were tested on different coatings, and their antimicrobial activity was evaluated by accelerated carbonation of the obtained coatings in a CO2 chamber for 7 days against bacteria, fungi and viruses. The paints also show excellent adhesive properties to various coatings.  <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-96a2937 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"96a2937\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[]}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-f5c6be5\" data-id=\"f5c6be5\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ba1aa elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"37ba1aa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"862\" height=\"805\" src=\"https:\/\/jic.bas.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/geopolymer-paints-antimicrobial-activity-IMC.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-5988\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/jic.bas.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/geopolymer-paints-antimicrobial-activity-IMC.jpg 862w, https:\/\/jic.bas.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/geopolymer-paints-antimicrobial-activity-IMC-300x280.jpg 300w, https:\/\/jic.bas.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/geopolymer-paints-antimicrobial-activity-IMC-768x717.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 862px) 100vw, 862px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-cbe5a61\" data-id=\"cbe5a61\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ce2d4fa elementor-mobile-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"ce2d4fa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/imc.bas.bg\/en\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-chevron-right\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Institute Of Mineralogy And Crystallography \"Akad. Ivan Kostov\" - BAS <\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b87c514 elementor-view-stacked elementor-shape-square elementor-position-inline-start elementor-mobile-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"b87c514\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"mailto:office@jic.bas.bg\" class=\"elementor-icon\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-label=\"Contact:\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-envelope\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"mailto:office@jic.bas.bg\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tContact:\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-icon-box-description\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\toffice@jic.bas.bg\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4e82a5f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4e82a5f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[]}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-99f21ff\" data-id=\"99f21ff\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3d7b044 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"3d7b044\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6c64cd0 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6c64cd0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[]}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9a84dd9\" data-id=\"9a84dd9\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fca2fa1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"fca2fa1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Composite materials <\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-21f5288 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"21f5288\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>At the Institute of Physical Chemistry &#8211; BAS, carbon quantum dots (Cdots) were successfully embedded in a multilayer film of alginate (ALG) and chitosan (CS), formed by successive adsorption on \u03b2-FeOOH model particles.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-a5997af elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a5997af\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[]}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-451add8\" data-id=\"451add8\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-47b74f4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"47b74f4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1432\" height=\"460\" src=\"https:\/\/jic.bas.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/carbon-quantum-dots-multilayer-film-alginate-IPC.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-6061\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/jic.bas.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/carbon-quantum-dots-multilayer-film-alginate-IPC.png 1432w, https:\/\/jic.bas.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/carbon-quantum-dots-multilayer-film-alginate-IPC-300x96.png 300w, https:\/\/jic.bas.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/carbon-quantum-dots-multilayer-film-alginate-IPC-1024x329.png 1024w, https:\/\/jic.bas.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/carbon-quantum-dots-multilayer-film-alginate-IPC-768x247.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1432px) 100vw, 1432px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-808acd0\" data-id=\"808acd0\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0296438 elementor-mobile-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"0296438\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/ipc.bas.bg\/page\/en\/home.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-chevron-right\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Institute of Physical Chemistry - BAS<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-39171b7 elementor-view-stacked elementor-shape-square elementor-position-inline-start elementor-mobile-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"39171b7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"mailto:office@jic.bas.bg\" class=\"elementor-icon\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-label=\"Contact:\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-envelope\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"mailto:office@jic.bas.bg\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tContact:\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-icon-box-description\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\toffice@jic.bas.bg\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-87b1b4d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"87b1b4d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[]}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-936b0ab\" data-id=\"936b0ab\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff013dd elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"ff013dd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-8dd606a elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8dd606a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[]}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7ab321b\" data-id=\"7ab321b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-049389e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"049389e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Composite materials <\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b8a0b38 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b8a0b38\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The Institute of Mineralogy and Crystallography &#8220;Acad. Ivan Kostov&#8221; presents the development of antimicrobial geopolymer coatings based on natural zeolite.  <br \/>Geopolymer paints are water-soluble, do not contain volatile organic compounds or other toxic substances, have excellent adhesion to concrete, steel, ceramics, plasterboard and others. <br \/>They connect to the base and make a reinforced layer. They are vapor- and gas-permeable, which allows the walls to &#8220;breathe&#8221;, UV-stable and long-lasting. By using modified zeolite with silver and copper ions, geopolymer paints with antimicrobial properties &#8211; antibacterial and antifungal &#8211; were obtained.  <br \/>Suitable for facade and interior solutions, restoration of cultural monuments, prevention of the spread of pathogens &#8211; suitable for hospitals, kindergartens, premises in the food industry. Various colors &#8211; compatible with oxide paints. <br \/>Antimicrobial geopolymer paints can be used as interior paints, countertop coatings, railings, and more.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-cf8a14e elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"cf8a14e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[]}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-f94ff91\" data-id=\"f94ff91\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a399352 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"a399352\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"900\" height=\"751\" src=\"https:\/\/jic.bas.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/antimicrobial-geopolymer-coatings-IMC.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-6225\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/jic.bas.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/antimicrobial-geopolymer-coatings-IMC.png 900w, https:\/\/jic.bas.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/antimicrobial-geopolymer-coatings-IMC-300x250.png 300w, https:\/\/jic.bas.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/antimicrobial-geopolymer-coatings-IMC-768x641.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-20e63cf\" data-id=\"20e63cf\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-563dcba elementor-mobile-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"563dcba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/imc.bas.bg\/en\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-chevron-right\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Institute Of Mineralogy And Crystallography \"Akad. Ivan Kostov\" - BAS <\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2faca2b elementor-view-stacked elementor-shape-square elementor-position-inline-start elementor-mobile-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"2faca2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"mailto:office@jic.bas.bg\" class=\"elementor-icon\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-label=\"Contact:\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-envelope\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"mailto:office@jic.bas.bg\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tContact:\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-icon-box-description\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\toffice@jic.bas.bg\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bca0494 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bca0494\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[]}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-68def65\" data-id=\"68def65\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f4dc804 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"f4dc804\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-66993b6 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"66993b6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[]}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-faef126\" data-id=\"faef126\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dd432c8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"dd432c8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Composite materials <\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-14dd826 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"14dd826\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The Institute for Space Research and Technology at BAS presents a technology for glass carbon coatings on graphite materials designed for extended operation under extreme conditions. <br \/>The presented innovative development is the result of using, developing and testing in real space conditions the technology for coating and densifying graphite materials with vitreous carbon (amorphous modification of carbon). This is a joint development of: Institute for Space Research and Technologies &#8211; BAS, Institute of Metallurgy &#8211; BAS; Institute of Organic Chemistry with Phytochemistry Center &#8211; BAS and Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of BAS<br \/>The originality of the method for obtaining glassy carbon coatings (CV) is based on the specific temperature regimes used when obtaining the starting material and the unique technological processes applied in the subsequent coating of the graphite spherical sensors with CV. The method described above for impregnating and covering graphite and ceramic materials with SV is protected by a copyright certificate in Bulgaria. CB is an amorphous modification of carbon, which is characterized by a certain scheme of arrangement of carbon molecules, in contrast to other modifications of carbon, which are characterized by a crystalline structure. For the practical production of such an amorphous modification of carbon, it is necessary to precisely select the starting material and then subject it to an appropriate heat treatment in vacuum or in an inert atmosphere. The main advantage of the CB coating method used in the fabrication of spherical sensors for electric fields in the Earth&#8217;s plasma, compared to the use of monolithic CB, is that the created method allows to adjust the qualities of the CB coatings on the surface of the spherical graphite probes, if after preliminary measurement of their working surfaces in laboratory conditions, it turns out that the value and variations of the separation work for the electron go beyond the defined limits.    <br \/>The material has multiple applications: from space materials to high-tech medicine, for example: gears; graphite cartridges for pressing and firing carbide inserts for cutting tools; crucibles of different shapes, for melting pure materials; graphite heaters for obtaining ultra-pure materials; orthopedic elements for limb surgery; glass carbon-coated titanium ceramic abutments for vascular surgery, etc.<br \/>The technology offered and tested in real space conditions can be used: for future space expeditions to the Moon, Mars and other planets in the Solar System; in space apparatus and other technological equipment requiring stability in the storage of the structural and physicochemical characteristics of glassy carbon coatings; in the conditions of long-term work in outer space, associated with extreme values of temperature changes, high vacuum, cosmic radiation, etc. In addition, it can be used in: the manufacture of heart valves; manufacture of prostheses; scientific and applied activities related to the use of the proposed technology for compaction and coating of graphite materials in the field of future space programs and work in extreme conditions.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-513bd53 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"513bd53\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[]}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-ec6c935\" data-id=\"ec6c935\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-563b4fd elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"563b4fd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"616\" height=\"582\" src=\"https:\/\/jic.bas.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/glass-carbon-coatings-graphite-materials-space.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-6252\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/jic.bas.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/glass-carbon-coatings-graphite-materials-space.png 616w, https:\/\/jic.bas.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/glass-carbon-coatings-graphite-materials-space-300x283.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 616px) 100vw, 616px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-097a776\" data-id=\"097a776\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16213c9 elementor-mobile-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"16213c9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"http:\/\/space.bas.bg\/en\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-chevron-right\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Space Research and Technology Institute - BAS<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8fdcd5a elementor-mobile-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"8fdcd5a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bas.bg\/?page_id=24220&#038;lang=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-chevron-right\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Institute of Metal Science, Equipment and Technologies with Hydro- and Aerodynamics Centre \"Acad. A. Balevski\" - BAS<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-619319d elementor-mobile-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"619319d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/www.orgchm.bas.bg\/EN\/index_en.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-chevron-right\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry - BAS<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f327db4 elementor-mobile-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"f327db4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/www.igic.bas.bg\/en\/home-3\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-chevron-right\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Institute Of General And Inorganic Chemistry - BAS<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0b3a9b elementor-view-stacked elementor-shape-square elementor-position-inline-start elementor-mobile-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"c0b3a9b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"mailto:office@jic.bas.bg\" class=\"elementor-icon\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-label=\"Contact:\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-envelope\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"mailto:office@jic.bas.bg\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tContact:\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-icon-box-description\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\toffice@jic.bas.bg\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2423af7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2423af7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[]}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3a942db\" data-id=\"3a942db\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7d5ef4c elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"7d5ef4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Composite materials High-frequency composite nanostructures consisting of oriented magnetic nanochains and non-magnetic nanoparticles were obtained by simultaneous ablation of magnetic and non- magnetic material at atmospheric pressure in the presence of a magnetic field. Composites made of parallel nanochains (Fe3O4) and noble metal nanoparticles (Ag) exhibit plasmonic properties and sensitivity to light polarization. Institute of [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":2306,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2414","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/jic.bas.bg\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2414","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/jic.bas.bg\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/jic.bas.bg\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jic.bas.bg\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jic.bas.bg\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2414"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/jic.bas.bg\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2414\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6444,"href":"https:\/\/jic.bas.bg\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2414\/revisions\/6444"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jic.bas.bg\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2306"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/jic.bas.bg\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2414"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}